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EuSpRIG 2010, July 15-16, Greenwich

- - - programme available, register now! - - -

"Practical steps to protect organisations from out-of-control spreadsheets"

Book your place now for the world-leading spreadsheet risk management conference. EuSpRIG 2010 is the place to be if you are serious about investigating, managing and controlling the myriad risks posed by corporate spreadsheets.

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    EuSpRIG Horror Stories      
           
   
Spreadsheet mistakes - news stories

Public reports of spreadsheet errors have been collated on behalf of EuSpRIG by Patrick O’Beirne of Systems Modelling for several years. There are very many reports of spreadsheet related errors, so many in fact, that we stopped collating them due to the effort involved a few years ago.

We have recently reviewed the horror stories to condense them down to just a few, so that readers are not overwhelmed by a mass of essentially similar reports with out of date web links. The criteria we have used to narrow the list down are:

  1. The stories are of permanent and significant interest
  2. The original or related News sites are still available on the internet, suggesting that the horror story is or used to be well known, and had a big impact
  3. They are not confined to just the financial sector, but also include public sector, government and schools etc
  4. They are quite often cited on the other web sites...

These stories illustrate common problems that occur with the uncontrolled use of spreadsheets. In most cases, we identify the area of risk involved and then say how we think the problem might have been avoided.

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Identifier: NS01
Source: C&C Group admit to mistake in revenue results
Organization: C&C
Release Date: Jul-09
Discrepancies: 11% of sales for the four months to the end June

Shares in C&C fell 15 per cent after it said total revenue in the four months to end-June had not risen 3 per cent as reported, but had dropped 5 per cent. C&C said cider revenues in the UK had fallen 12 per cent, not 1 per cent, while cider revenues in Ireland were flat instead of up 7 per cent as reported last week. C&C’s group finance director and COO said the error in last week’s announcement occurred after data were incorrectly transferred from an accounting system used for internal guidance to a spreadsheet used to produce the trading statement. “It was basically human error… there’s nothing wrong with our accounting systems,”

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS02
Source: FSA fines Credit Suisse £5.6m
Organization: Credit Suisse
Release Date: Aug-08

“2.33.3. The booking structure relied upon by the UK operations of Credit Suisse for the CDO trading business was complex and overly reliant on large spreadsheets with multiple entries. This resulted in a lack of transparency and inhibited the effective supervision, risk management and control of the SCG {Structured Credit Group}”

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS03
Source: Budget discrepancies attributed to computer error
Organization: Nevada City
Release Date: Jan-06
Discrepancies: $5 million
Risk: Delay in city budgeting process, embarrassment
Avoidance: Change tracking, comparison, validation, publishing a PDF of printed version on the web

The Nevada city budget spreadsheet apparently worked correctly until sometime in late December 2005 when, city finance director Ron Chandler says, it developed a problem, causing the 2006 budget to show a $5 million deficit in the water and sewer fund. Chandler said that it took him most of the day Wednesday to fix the problem. While he was working on it he found some other errors in the spreadsheet that needed to be corrected. "Once it's a PDF it can't change," Chandler said.

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS04
Source: Westpac jumps the gun on profit
Organization: Westpac
Release Date: Nov-05
Discrepancies: Around $10 million
Risk: Public embarrassment, loss of investor confidence
Avoidance: User training on how to remove data properly

Westpac was forced to halt trading on its shares and deliver its annual profit briefing a day early after it accidentally sent its results by email to research analysts. Details of the $2.818 billion record profit result for the 12 months to September 30, were embedded in a template of last year's results and were accessible with minor manipulation of the spreadsheet. (Some reports indicated an employee had thought that a black cell background fill would hide black text.) Mr Chronican said "It is not just one error, it is a compounding of two or three errors … We will obviously be conducting a full inquiry to make sure it doesn't happen again."

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS05
Source: Kodak
Organization: Kodak
Release Date: Nov-05
Discrepancies: Around $10 million
Risk: Loss of share value, investor confidence, career damage
Avoidance: Data quality control

SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) - The hefty $11 million severance error was traced to a faulty spreadsheet. Kodak spokesman Gerard Meuchner said "There were too many zeros added to the employee's accrued severance. But it was an accrual. There was never a payment," he said. Robert Brust, Kodak's chief financial officer, called it ” an internal control deficiency that constitutes a material weakness that impacted the accounting for restructurings."

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS06
Source: Go figure: 'Think-and-do tank' flubs the math
Organization: Virginia Tech
Release Date: May-05
Risk: Public embarrassment, adverse press coverage
Avoidance: Spreadsheet review

The Center for Regional Strategies recently confirmed that a researcher's errant cut-and-paste from a spreadsheet caused one measure of the region's level of educational attainment to appear a lot worse than it is. The Center for Regional Strategies, a self-described "think-and-do tank" housed at Virginia Tech, reported that a dismal 11 percent of the region's population older than 25 had bachelor's degrees or higher. That number should have been 20 percent. Stuart Mease, a spokesman for the Center for Regional Strategies, said "It was just a simple cut-and-paste error," he said. "I don't know how it happened, but it did. We apologize for our mistake and want to correct it."

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS07
Source: RedEnvelope skids on loss forecast
Organization: RedEnvelope
Release Date: Mar-05
Risk: Loss of share value, investor confidence, career damage
Avoidance: Data quality control

Shares of RedEnvelope Inc. tumbled more than 25 percent Tuesday after the online retailer of specialty gifts drastically reduced its fourth-quarter outlook and said its chief financial officer will resign in April. Stanford Group analyst Rebecca Jones Kujawa said in an interview. "...they were underestimating the cost of goods sold....it is likely CFO Eric Wong is being pushed out because of this error, which could demonstrate a material weakness in controls over financial reporting, an issue that usually leads to a lengthy review of accounting practices." RedEnvelope spokeswoman Jordan Goldstein said the budgeting error was simply due to a number mis-recorded in one cell of a spreadsheet that then threw off the cost forecast and was unrelated to the CFO change.

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS08
Source: University of Toledo loses $2.4M in projected revenue
Organization: University of Toledo
Release Date: May-04
Discrepancies: $2.4 million
Risk: Loss of budget
Avoidance: User training and certification

University of Toledo loses $2.4M in projected revenue. "While official UT projections call for a 10 percent decline in graduate student enrollment, an increase mistakenly was shown in a spreadsheet formula that led officials to overestimate enrollment and therefore revenue, Mr. Decatur said." "Dr. Johnson said no job action will be taken against the employee who made the mistake, who has a good performance record. Officials will, however, pursue systemic changes to provide more safeguards in the future. "We have very competent people," Dr. Johnson said. "I do think that the continuing fiscal pressures on universities have forced us to a level of staff support where there is little or no redundancy in the process."

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS09
Source: Fannie Mae Corrects Mistakes In Results
Organization: Fannie Mae
Release Date: Oct-03
Discrepancies: $1.2 billion
Risk: Loss of shareholder confidence
Avoidance: Peer review

Fannie Mae filed a Form 8-K/A with the SEC amending their third quarter press release to correct computational errors in that release. "There were honest mistakes made in a spreadsheet used in the implementation of a new accounting standard. The bottom line is that the correction has no impact on our income statement, but resulted in increases to unrealized gains on securities, accumulated other comprehensive income, and total shareholder equity (of $1.279 billion, $1.136 billion, and $1.136 billion, respectively)... the correction had to do with a computational error in performing complicated calculations required in the implementation of FAS 149."

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS10
Source: TransAlta Says Clerical Snafu Costs It $24 Million
Organization: TransAlta
Release Date: Jun-03
Discrepancies: $24 million
Risk: Huge financial loss
Avoidance: Peer review, double-checking outputs

TransAlta Corp. said on Tuesday it will take a $24 million charge to earnings after a bidding snafu landed it more U.S. power transmission hedging contracts than it bargained for, at higher prices than it wanted to pay. [...] the company's computer spreadsheet contained mismatched bids for the contracts, it said. "It was literally a cut-and-paste error in an Excel spreadsheet that we did not detect when we did our final sorting and ranking bids prior to submission," TransAlta chief executive Steve Snyder said in a conference call. "I am clearly disappointed over this event. The important thing is to learn from it, which we've done." As New York ISO rules did not allow for a reversal of the bids, the contracts went ahead.

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS11
Source: Allied Irish Banks / Allfirst Currency Trading Fraud
Organization: Allied Irish Banks / Allfirst
Release Date: Mar-02
Discrepancies: $700 million
Risk: Fraud, huge financial loss
Avoidance: Peer review, double-checking outputs

Allfirst “Would not pay the US$ 10,000 for a direct data feed from Reuters to the risk control section”. Instead, they got Rusnak to download his Reuters feed into a spreadsheet. He then substituted links to his private manipulated spreadsheet. The total losses hidden by the fraud were almost US$700M. Rusnak exaggerated bonuses by over half a million dollars. Ray Butler points out in the article above that "One error in a spreadsheet will subvert all the controls in all the systems feeding into it". An auditing tool (SpACE) would have found the external links in the key spreadsheet.

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS12
Source: Jamaican Commercial Bank Failures
Organization: Jamaican Commercial Bank
Release Date: late 1990's

“Poor control over spreadsheets at Jamaican indigenous banks contributed to management information and external reporting problems (i.e., P&L distortions) that contributed to the banks' management and external regulators losing sight of the banks' true positions and exposures. This problem fed a downward spiral into liquidity crisis”[Lemieux, 2005] “As the Jamaican financial crisis unfolded, the government also recognised that fraud and corruption had contributed to the collapse of indigenous banks. To address these allegations, it established a team of foreign and local forensic auditors to work with the police fraud squad to identify and take action on instances of fraud. Inaccessibility of source documents, however, seriously hampered the auditors' work. The work of reconstructing what in some cases were very convoluted financial transactions was made extremely difficult by the fact that critical records, many in spreadsheet form, were missing”. [Lemieux, 2005]

     
           
   
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Identifier: NS13
Source: Computing error at Fidelity's Magellan fund
Organization: Fidelity's Magellan fund
Release Date: Jan-95
Discrepancies: $1.3 billion
Risk: loss of share value
Avoidance: independent review and comparison of source with output

"There was a big flap recently over Fidelity's Magellan fund estimating in November that they would make a $4.32/share distribution at the end of year, and then not doing so. A letter of explanation was sent to the shareholders (including me) from J. Gary Burkhead, the President of Fidelity, including the following pertinent items: "During the estimating process, a tax accountant is required to transcribe the net realized gain or loss from the fund's financial records (which were correct at all times) to a separate spreadsheet, where additional calculations are performed. The error occurred when the accountant omitted the minus sign on a net capital loss of $1.3 billion and incorrectly treated it as a net capital gain on this separate spreadsheet. This meant that the dividend estimate spreadsheet was off by $2.6 billion...

     
           
    EuSpRIG Original Horror Stories      
           
    The original list, developed by Patrick O’Beirne, is still [here]      
           
    Copyright acknowledgement      
           
   

News items are the copyright of the original authors as cited by the link to the story source.

Editing and comments copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Patrick O'Beirne, European Spreadsheet Risk Interest Group. The contents of this page may not be copied without attribution. We encourage a link to us with this description:

http://www.eusprig.org/horror-stories.htm Spreadsheet mistakes - news stories collated by the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group. They illustrate common problems and errors that occur with the uncontrolled use of spreadsheets, with comments on the risk and possible avoidance action.

If you would like to contribute to this, email Stories at eusprig dot org with your story. You may find more by searching the web for "Spreadsheet" and these keywords (and their variants such as -ed, -ing, -s and -ly):

anomaly, audit finding, bug, bungled, chaos, cock-up, corrupt, damage, debug, defect, deficiency, disaster, dubious, embarrassment, error, erroneous, Excel, exposed, failed, failure, false, falsify, fault, faulty, fiasco, flaw, foul-up, fraud, fraudulent, fubar, garbage, GIGO, glitch, hell, horror story, inaccurate, inadequate, inadvertent, incorrect, insecure, invalid, invalidated, issue, lies, loss, manipulation, miscalculate, miscalculation, mislead, missing, mistake, missing, misunderstood, nightmare, non-compliance, not correct, oops, overestimate, overstatement, problem, risk, rogue, serious, slip, snafu, suspect, suspicious, trap, typo, unchecked, uncontrolled, uncorrected, uncovered, underestimate, understatement, undetected, untested, violation, weak, weakness, wrong.

     
           
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